Technical Analysis Course – Part 1 Picture Of A Winner
The ability to develop winning styles is possible for most who trade futures . Of course , most aren’t able to resist getting away from the styles that win for them most of the time. A winner sticks to the style of winning realizing that this can take some perseverance and patience . Learning from a technical analysis course, a winner has the strength to wait for the opportunities that his style is made for . The winner is a controller first . Loaded trades is where he loves to put his focus . He’ll come up with a paper list of reasons he should make a trade. The winner understands that sure thing trades are few and never over-looks the best trades and he sticks with good positions . Discipline pays !
He recognizes his imperfections, but he is intent on taking a turn and realizes there isn’t an easy way to accomplish it . He carefully assesses sound fundamentals. Often , he will talk about all the market aspects he is involved in . A winner can smell fear and will act ruthlessly . He analyzes the human element of the market .
His style is magnificent . He’s calm, at peace, and often quiet. He probably looks like he’s bored. (He probably is). He has sparkling eyes. He enjoys life, and people . But , be careful if you interfere with his plan or get too close to him – to try to get information out of him , or an idea about what he’s trying to do, – to ask him about his opinion on the market,- what is going to happen ! Just try bugging him and see what happens to you . Otherwise, he will shower you with his sparkling ambience . These are the signs of a technical analysis course graduate.
His behavioral skills are both recognized and developed. He has the self control that is needed to take the sterile habits rehearsed and developed for years and override them.
They are realists . During a vacation they’ll never hold a position . At times they take an exit from the market to check on profits, look at the situations again, and get some rest. He learns the causes of his successes (not his failures). He records its perseverance . He knows that the winning style pays off. He knows his environmental place and controls it . He realizes that huge profits can be earned by those who can accept the emotional risk of going against universal opinion . He’s wary of bucking a trend, but also realizes the opportunity it presents . He knows when to strike , -striking with his technical analysis and the market’s reaction to fundamentals . Tomorrow’s price changes are outguessed by him , [PL charting], since they likely depend on the news or anticipated news of tomorrow ;- change in weather, released crop estimate, an unforeseen strike . The awareness and discipline he has results in a low aversion to taking risks. A technical analysis course show’s that he is a realist . You don’t have to let him know that those who have low aversion to risk , whether they are pessimistic or optimistic, are most likely to profit .
Technical Analysis Explained And Profit Targets Setting By 3 Different Methods
If ever or whenever you are doing a trade the question quickly comes out : How and when do you leave with a profit? Aiming targets has to be a very important element of your trading scheme, and this is the subject of the next article in our series Technical Analysis Explained.
Objects can be based on time (I’ll stay in the trade for 3 weeks ) or technically-based (I’ll keep making the trade until my slow moving average across my faster moving average) or based on profit (I’ll get out when I make the profit of 1000usd ), or price-based (I’ll get out of the trade when it get to my target price.)
Of the 3 methods each has some advantages and liabilities . Technical exits are always accessible and remove this part of personal judgment , but work well only in effective trends , cause losses in congestion , and nearly all the time leave much money upon the table . Time-based tools are useful at times but just mostly are net losers, and so shouldn’t be seriously taken as a solo tool . Found on profit exits are able to train a trader to take frequent profits but what happens when the trade continues far over your pre-planned exit point ? This violates the easiest rule of trading: run as soon as you win .
The greatest meaning of selling is to set aimed prices but only when these are good based in the market structure and reflect the market’s existing support and {resistance matrix}. If your plan of trading {takes into account} the natural support and resistance of the market then the aim of yours will be good and the chances of yours of remove all that the markets has is even more higher then with arbitrarily chosen, arranged dollar profit targets (which attend to be driven by emotion) or a technical moving average tool (which by defined obliged to leave a lot of money on the table ).
How will you set profit aims according to market structure instead of an arbitrary dollar objectives? For someone this is a difficult question but for the trader who has created the understanding of multiple time period structure and the ability to project current support and resistance levels forward in the future , pointing targets is easily finished . The first technique is to {use your higher time-period support} and resistance levels ( it should usually be one time-period higher than your trading time-period), and to set your target at the next logical assist or resistance level beyond the current price.
Technical analysis explained as follows: Say you are day-trading the S&P E-mini contract. You’re using a five minutes chart and take a position using your best entry tool . The market starts to move in your favor and since you have 5 contracts to put on a position you quickly accumulate a profit of 750usd. You are happy and desire for more and that makes you want to take profits fast , especially as you see in eyes a slight retracement in the five minutes chart. But, understanding that market structure is mostly at play, you stay back for a moment and take a look at the everyday and every week charts. On your Drummond Geometry charts you can quickly see that your entry was next to everyday and weekly support, at the bottom of the daily envelope and close to the weekly envelope bottom as well . You see that the logical target of this initial move is at the daily PLDot some 9 full points away, and that the improvement of the five-minute bar with its slight retracement is totally normal and consistent with the thought that the market has {further upside}. You set a price objective at the daily resistance and set a warning to sound when that is full filled, so that you are able to take profits here . You can then further assess if the market will reverse and walk back to the first support level or pause and keep going to higher level of resistance.
The point is that when watching market structure as opposed to arbitrary dollar value price objectives you mostly control what the market is doing . As a technical analysis explained course teaches, you are in full control since you know the structural aim all the time as the market goes between its higher time- period support and resistance levels.
Technical Analysis Explained And Trading Congestion Action
Today we’re going to talk about congestion action trading . A market that is in congestion action is one that goes back and forth between congestion confines , between support as well as resistance ( or between the block level and dotted line in the terms of Drummond Geometry ). This is action in the market that happens in congestion , and when no trend run is occurring . The level that is created by the highest high of the up trend that preceded is the Dotted Line , or in a down trend, the lowest low . The low of the very first bar that closes on the other side of the Pldot within an uptrend is the first Block Level , or the high of the very first bar on a down trend that closes on the other side of the PLdot.
Once you really have a good understanding of the theory, characteristics, and patterns of congestion action trading , it can be quite lucrative . It is like harvesting a crop, or slaughtering the fatted calf . You can earn your bread and butter with congestion action trading…. and , you can purchase a table for the bread , and for the table you can buy a house, and the estate to hold the house , and a car, driver, plane, boat, and anything else you want . In short , congestion action trading holds a lot of potential for you , if you learn and apply all that is to learn about congestion action trading .
What exactly is congestion action trading anyway?
One outcome of technical analysis explained in this way with Drummond Geometry is that the definitions are clear . Price is either in a trend run or it is not . When after more than three closes are on the PLdots one side and then it closes on the PLdots other side, this is not a trend run . When the market is not in a trend run, then it is in congestion . It’s all quite simple.
When the price ends up closing on the other side of the trending dot, the first bar is the congestion entrance bar . We can say that by definition the market is then in congestion . We know when the market first enters congestion a dotted line as well as a block level get created. This particular block level if the very first block level of this congestion. This means, congestion action is the name for that market action which begins with a congestion entrance bar and goes on for a time that is indefinite until on one side of the PLdot there are three closes, which is the start of another trend.
Now let’s look at the way the limits of congestion are defined with technical analysis explained, as well as how expansion can occur .
The congestion action is what defines the congestion’s parameters, which is also known as the confines of congestion . Keep in mind that the confines of congestion are defined by the dotted line and the block level , and the first block level gets set up by what is known as the congestion entrance bar. There can be an expansion of these levels . If prices goes outside the dotted line, or outside of the block level , while still in congestion ( without three closes being on the PLdot’s one side ), then the confines of congestion are being redefined by price and we can see a larger congestion area established . Before a new trend run occurs, this can happen various times.
We will continue this discussion about congestion trading in our next article in the technical analysis explained series.
Technical Analysis Training Is The Trend Going To Continue Or Stop?
So you’ve begun trading and you’ve come up with a stock trading strategy of your own . You have gone through technical analysis training course and and for your preferred style you have gone with trend traing after some time in thought.
You’ll definitely find trend trading a strategy that is attractive . Take a look at charts and you’ll see those trending patterns jump right out . You get excited about catching a trend in the beginning and then riding it out to its conclusion months later . The money beckons and sucess is before you !
Trading isn’t so easy in reality . You enter a trend – you may be a bit late or you get in near the trend’s beginning , but in any case you are aboard . As your predictions begin coming true and you are in this trade, you get a small profit . But then there is a very strong day and then the market stops dead when resistance is hit by the stock. You just let yourself think there is more ahead and you can’t make the entire move in one day anyway and then you add to the position you are in . The market opens the following day, goes nowhere for a while and then quickly heads south . Since you’ve added to the position you were in you are quickly back at break-even and in fact by the time you have orders in place you have taken a loss . What happened ? How could you tell before it happened that the trend wouldn’t continue and that the profit should have been taken when you saw that pause after the strong open?
Here are several tips for trading that will tell when a trend will stop and when it will continue . If you apply these to your technical analysis training you’ll be a step ahead of everyone else .
First and most importantly : go with higher time period charge when setting targets; look for areas where resistance and support are logical to determine where the market will start and stop its move .
If you do not know how to predict where future areas of support and resistance exist , or are uncertain how to coordinate time-frames in your trading , then take a quality technical analysis training for more information. You’ll find Drummond Geometry to be a top option but there are many schools of thought which are valid as well .
A tool is another element that you need that will help you judget robustness and trend strenght. Resistance or support will be broken through by a strong trend and a weak trend will stop and either go into sideways congestion at a point of resistance or support or it could reverse course . If in the analysis tool kit you have the perfect tool you’ll be able to figure out which action is more probable ; without the right tool, you’ll be waiting tos ee what happens, and the possibility of being disappointed is high .
You need to use momentum tools to appropriately measure this and then apply them to a smaller timeframe then the one you are in … in other words if you are trading a daily chart , try to pick the low or the high with the trades , then you look at the half hour or hourly chart to support the decisions you make intraday .
We will continue this discussion in part 2 of the technical analysis training series.
Part 1 How Do Losers Think – Technical Analysis Course
Here we are going to take a look at how losers think with our technical analysis course series.
The following was written by a famous poet – Tagore , “Pessimism is a form of mental dysomania. It distains healthy nourishment and indulges in the strong drink of denunciation and creates an artificial rejection which thirsts for a stronger draught”.
Lemmings that race to the ocean is what losers are like . They get caught by the traps of rejection and self denunciation and they want more ! Parents and relatives constantly bombarding kids with negatives through their lives makes it seem there is a conspiracy to create and keep an attitude of "can’t do" in people . Nearly all society continues this conditioning through commercials, pressure from friends and family, and music . A paper can’t be distributed , newscasts aren’t considered interesting unless you have misery and unpleasantness …. that which the loser is made of .
Misery is loved by losers – it is the only thing that makes him happy . Imagine that!
The trader that is a loser is a self defeatist . Stress and strain help him function best , and he feels right at home when he loses money. The loser who strikes gold in the market, literally falls apart … that isn’t what he is used to . He does not know how to enjoy success . His thoughts have always been built on struggling and losing . He wins, – he goes berserk – he becomes an expert – then ends up developing what one top futures trader (Larry Williams) called "the King Kong feeling". He quickly loses control, and then the profits disappear, and he goes back to the struggling and the misery – something he’s used to, – like lemmings to the sea , and he may not wish to admit it but he loves to struggle,- to struggle to win . His mind cannot cope with the winning itself . His mind can cop with struggle. Isn’t it amazing ? Especially if you take a look at it through a technical analysis course.
He links an immature posture . No wonder he is made a fool of by the amicable political candidate who assures the loser with "Look, don’t worry about your life. We’ll take care of it for you. We know better than you what is good for you" .
An desire to win that’s overwhelming is what the loser has. They tell themselves that winning can happen , and keep coming back determined to save face . In their psychological patterns ineffectualness is already programmed in. With success he becomes almost hypnotized by the events which then shower upon him . Mind hypnotism or a trance occurs to him. This and that gives him sinking feelings . He doesn’t wait to apply the things he did correctly , usually to the same market again, but at the wrong time . His mind basically tells him "This really isn’t happening" . He is unaware of where he is. He turns into another person.
[ It's always great to see a win occur to a loser, but because you see the trance they go into it is sad , and you know that they'll lose again within time - they'll lose so much that they'll be back at the place they started out.]
Sometimes when a profit does accrue , the loser’s mind will be so happy with the profit , that it will grab it prematurely . If there is a loss occurring, his mind says "It will all work out in the end" and they continue to hang on. He cuts profits short and allows losses to run on.
The market is hard to short for the budding trader . He thinks that prices have no ceiling and that the sky is the limit . As long as he buys against base zero, growth is inevitable , because in his mind life is all about growth and upward movement.
We will continue this discussion about how losers think in our next article in this technical analysis course series.
Technical Analysis Training – Part 2 Will The Trend Stop or Will it Continue
In the first part of the technical analysis training series on Will the trend stop or continue we discussed how measuring the strength of a trend requires two types of tools , while helps you decide whether a trend is going to continue or stop. Tool number one was setting targets properly according to support and resistance’s structure .
Momentum tools are the second type of tool needed . These tools should be used to make appropriate judgements and apply them to a smaller timeframe than the one you’re trading … basically if you’re trading on a daily chart, trying to pick the low or high of the day with the trades , then you would be looking at an hourly or half-hour chart to give you support in your trading decisions intraday .
What are these types of tools ? A short-term moving average is one of the best ; three moving averages should be used within a channel system and you’ll have a matrix created, which you can use to measure the strength of the trend against . Various channel systems exist but one of the best is the Drummond Geometry system (you should have learned this in your technical analysis training course) which as the center line uses a moving average that is short term of the average of the high, low, and close of the last three completed bars , projected forward onto the future bar . Then two channel bands are added to this based on averages of the past 3 pivot points that are similarly managed. Judgments that are very effective of the strenght of the market can be made by looking in relationship to this channel system at where sequential closes occur.
You should also establish market "flow" by measuring using various aspects of price strength , including how close to the low or high the bar close is , how far apart the open and close are , how small or large the bar range is, and the progress that the bar is making through the matrix of resistance and support you have.
Another tip : Because each time-frame has its own system of support and resistance , watch how easily or with how much difficulty in a trend the lowest timeframe monitor breaks its own support or resistance. If this happens easily, the more the underlying trend is probably going to be robust. In an uptrend , support close to the low of the bar is going to hold , and resistance nearby is more likely to break easily. Resistance breaking and support holding in a lower time period- this is a very reliable sign of the strength of a trend .
With these tips, your stock trading strategy should become a winner consistently as you learn how to know when trends are running out of stream and those that may go on for days, weeks, or months . A course that helps you sharpen your technical analysis training can save you a lot of time and money by giving you the right tools to make the distinctions that are so important.
Part 2 How Do Losers Think – Technical Analysis Course
Let’s go on talking about how losers think with this technical analysis course series.
Going long in the market is something his mind has a fondness for . He thinks that it’s a good time to purchase if the prices fall . A price level trader is what a budding trader is, not a price movement trader. He doesn’t think about value movements, but in terms of value . When there are declines, he buys .
In the market, everyday logic doesn’t work . Losers believe that their natural reactions are going to be correct . Usually the opposite will prove true . Natural reactions to new is wrong most of the time . A loser is attracted mentally to society’s negative news output. When there is ebullient excitement he has a knee jerk reaction . He will slip into the market with the news rather than against it . He can’t keep from becoming fascinated with publicized bullish and bearish events . Dull markets just don’t attract his mind. He always busy on emotion on up days . When a topping formation occurs, his herd instinct makes him purchase on the first reaction , simply because of the "cheap" price – simply because his mind says the price is cheap .
His mind gets so taken away with struggling and misery , that it becomes chained and entrapped in its own inertia . This person has never learned how to think using a technical analysis course.
The losers mind does not think . It doesn’t think, although it’s supposed to. The mind is entrapped by emotion. The mind’s processes become overwhelmed by unawareness, fear, insecurity, and greed. Sociologists claim that 85% of all the people on planet earth do not think . Of the remaining 15%, 13% think they think and the remaining 2% think . Can you believe it? Only 2% of people in the world really think ! Being bright or stupid has nothing to do with it . Stupid people can think but they don’t ! An interesting corollary here is that the 2% thinkers actually approximate the percentage of commodity traders who are consistently successful year after year . The 2% of thinkers, know their market, price movements, reactions to factors, and more, and are well-disciplined, almost bored, without fear/ and know the game in the spirit of fair, good and bad bets . Those who think that they think , involve themselves with all the technical wiggle-waggles of chart formations . They become a pro at trading – especially when they have a recent but short lived success and they feel they have the holy grail that will keep them being successful . At the back of his mind is fear, – insecurity , – all the behavioral patterns that are non productive that have been engrained into them for years . They lurk around and he knows they are still there. And then there is a leap of the market that grabs him, and his roots are shaken.
Without thinking , Mr. 13% ends up back with the other 85% that don’t think. He has the idea that there is some conspiracy against him, by everyone, from the market to the floor traders. He feels this experience, rather than thinking about it . Fear, fear of the future, uncertainties, worries, insecurities , eliminate all rational and he without thinking exposes himself, – to risk, to plunging back into the market, biting the bullet , since an aggressive stance is what he feels, (Mr. Macho) that a profit will be returned by struggling, and he can start over with the profit .
( This is a guy who doesn’t want to take bad news home to his wife . Emotions grip him, during this event , just as occurred in the market place.)
It is sad, very sad . But the ratio of non thinkers to thinkers is not going to change .
In other discussions we have in the technical analysis course series we’ll look at the winner’s way of thinking .
Technical Analysis Explained – Part 2 of Trading Congestion Action
Let’s further discuss congestion action trading in the article series about technical analysis explained.
Until a new trend run occurs, congestion cannot be exited . With no new trend run, congestion occurs in the market. A congestion exit is a trend run as established by the previous action of congestion .
Let’s use emphasis that is a bit different and say this again .
There are two things that we can say congestion action does .
First of all, it creates original confines that are strong .
In the second place, strong expanded confines are created .
It’s the congestion entrance bar by which the original confines are created, which is the congestion action’s first bar , and the next bar, which is the second bar of action , and if there is no trend run the third bar . The highest high and lowest low of these three bars determines the confines , as are defined by block level and dotted line. These are the congestion original confines .
Here it should be pointed out that the third bar of congestion, price , does one of two things . Price either:
1) Goes into a trend run, going into congestion exit and the reversal of a trend , since congestion action is not confirmed by the third bar closing on the other side of the PL Dot . The congestion confines are then determined by the original confines , as set out by the highest high and lowest low of the first two bars . OR…
2) The close happens on the other side of the Pl dot, and there is a continuation of congestion action. The confines of congestion in this case are determined by original congestion, as set out by the highest high and the lowest low of these first three bars .
Now, what about expanded confines?
Well, congestion action can create expanded confines by moving so it is outside of the original confines, as long as in the meantime there hasn’t been a trend run . The confines of congestion is defined when the price leaves the latest confines . After this point , any congestion exit deals with this redefined confines, and not the original confines .
(We should note, of course , that there is an effect on price by the original confines, because any level or line is able to do so, but generally speaking , repetitive congestion action can build up the true confines , without a trend run appearing .)
Without a trend run, then there can be an expansion of the confines. Only when congestion is exited and price is in a trend run can we really say that the congestions final boundaries have been defined .
So for Drummond Geometry , technical analysis explained clearly and consistently defines congestion , and gives the framework that allows us to identify confines of congestion in each circumstance.
In future articles in this technical analysis explained series we’ll look closely at congestion entry and exit. These clear congestion definitions will definitely become useful .
Essential Maxims and More with Your Technical Analysis Course
A technical analysis course will help you learn That about anything can be justified with an old saying . There’s always a maxim that is plausible that seems to justify actions that are diametrically opposed. No matter what occurs maxims are always around to provide a description . Often traders decide to pick on that encourages their method of trading . It was stated by Orin Thevault that “selective perception” is what sociologists have called this . The trader is given some comfort with this alibi when he ends up having a loss or gets a profit that is smaller than he should have had.
Maxims are used as conventional wisdom by successful traders , that are overly general and have no predictive value and that have no place in a trading plan . He believes that success in trading requires more than than the right choice of a maxim.
“Nothing is so useless as a general maxim” .
– Thomas Babington
Lord – Macaulay – 1859
In theory , if a maxim was correct all the time it would be so used that its validity would be eliminated. Human nature is such that any valid maxims are broken with monotonous regularity . If we have a great maxim , it doesn ‘t mean very much does it ? Because most people will not pay any attention to it anyway . After all, you can’t remember everything . Perhaps Lord Macaulay was really right. There are some of those maxims out there, which can be applied in commodity trading. And, some of them are rather profound and should be committed to memory . Take you’re choice . Really , I suggest that you make you’re own collection of maxims that are good to you and test and question these maxims repeatedly.
ESSENTIAL MAXIMS TO KEEP IN MIND
The most effective approach to the objective of maximizing results is to play a favorable game in a small scale less desirable , but still providing a reasonable chance of success , is playing a game that is favorable on a scale that is large getting enough profits early on that ruin is avoided. Even an unfavorable game may yield profitable results if you bet heavy and seldom play . The road that will definitely end you up in a big disaster is going with an unfavorable game all the time. This can be learned by taking a technical analysis course.
A good sport dies without money .
There is no such thing as a sure thing.
A trader sleeps – markets do not .
Dialog is okay if enlightenment is the goal of both.
Accidental successes usually turn into accidental failures .
Positive and wnegative aspects are manifested in winning.
The many can’t accomplish what the few can do .
Take positions along the line of least resistance .
Sell famine / buy glut .
Sell news and buy rumors .
A bull and bear can both make money – a hog can’t .
Never buy at the bottom, and always sell too soon .
Purchase what isn’t going to fall in a bear market. Never buy something that won’t go up in a bull market .
Many reactions that were healthy have ended up fatal .
Look out for a trend where there is a one sided market opinion.
Patience is imporant . Wait for the times when it seems you can get unusually high profit .
Don’t trade often unless the plan you have requires you to often take positions.
There is hardly a maxim that someone could not find fault with .
Hoard half the profits you make .
It’s easier to make money than it is to keep it .
The race doesn’t always go to the swift or the battle to the strong, but that’s the way to bet .
PESSIMIST MAXIMS
If anything can go wrong, it will
No matter how great your results are, there is a person who will fake a better one.
Someone is always there to misinterpret your result, no matter what it is .
When data is collected, that figure that seems to be totally correct -is a mistake .
There’s always a way to get a wrong number, even if it’s impossible .
The path that leads to failure is broad .
FUZZY MAXIMS
Loss should be cut and profits should be let to run.
( this is like encouraging someone to be happy and stay healthy. )
On make purchases on down days. Only sell on days that are up.
Only the school of hard knocks teaches better than a technical analysis course.
Trading Congestion Action – Technical Analysis Explained (Part 1)
Congestion action trading is the topic for today. Congestion action in a market is one that goes back and forth between congestion confines , between support as well as resistance ( or between the block level and dotted line in the terms of Drummond Geometry ). Within congestion this market action occurs, and when there is not a trend run. The level that is created by the highest high of the up trend that preceded is the Dotted Line , or the lowest low created by the preceding down trend . The first Block Level is the low of the first bar that closes on the opposite side of the PLdot in a uptrend , or the high of the first bar that closes on the other side of the PL Dot in a down trend .
After you have a working knowledge of the patterns, characteristics, and theory of congestion action trading, you can make a lot of money in this type of market . It is much like crop harvesting . Congestion action trading can really earn bread and butter ….and what’s more , a table to hold the bread can be bought, and for the table you can buy a house, and the estate to hold the house , and a car, driver, plane, boat, and anything else you want . In short , you have a huge potential to make money with this type of trading, if you learn and apply all that is to learn about congestion action trading .
Congestion action trading – what is it ?
One outcome of technical analysis explained with Drummond Geometry is that the definitions are clear . Price is either in a trend run or it is not . A trend run is not in effect when there are three or more closes on the same side of the Pldot and then there is a close on the other side of that PLdot. If there is no trend run, then the market is in a congestion. It’s very clear and simple .
That first bar when price closes on the opposite side of the trending dot is the entrance bar of congestion . Then, but definition, there is congestion in the market. When the market first goes into congestion a block level and dotted line are created . This block level is the first block level of the congestion . This means, congestion action is what this market action is called which gets started with the congestion entrance bar and goes on for a time that is not defined until there are three closes on the PLdots one side , which is the start of another trend.
Let’s take a look at how congestion limits are defined with technical analysis explained, as well as how expansion can occur .
The parameters of congestion are defined by congestion action , also called the confines of congestion . You will remember that the confines of congestion are defined by the dotted line and the block level , and the congestion entrance bar is what establishes the first block level . But these levels can be expanded . If prices goes outside the dotted line, or outside of the block level , while still in congestion ( without three straight closes occurring on the one side of the PLdot), then the confines of congestion are being redefined by price and there can be established an even larger congestion . Before a new trend run occurs, this can happen various times.
We will continue this discussion about congestion trading in our next article in the technical analysis explained series.